КПД равен отношению работы газа к количеству теплоты от нагревателя, которое он получил за весь процесс:
○ η = Аг / Qн
• работа газа складывается из всех участков на диаграмме:
○ Аг = A12 + A23 + A31
• работу на процессе 1-2 найдем как площадь трапеции:
○ A12 = (P0 + 3P0)/2 * (3V0 - V0) = 4 P0V0
• работу на процессе 2-3 ищем аналогично:
○ А23 = 2P0 * (-V0) = -2 P0V0
• работу на процессе 3-1 ищем через площадь прямоугольника:
○ A31 = - P0V0
• соответственно, работа газа за цикл равна Аг = P0V0
• чтобы найти количество теплоты от нагревателя, нам нужно, во-первых, понять, на каких участках газ получает тепло
• газ получает тепло на участках 1-2 и 2-3 (на нем хоть и отрицательная работа, приращение внутренней энергии больше). таким образом:
○ Qн = Q12 + Q23
• количество теплоты в обоих процессах ищем по 1 закону термодинамики
○ Q12 = A12 + ΔU12 = 4 P0V0 + 1.5*ΔPΔV = 6 P0V0
○ Q23 = A23 + ΔU23 = - 2P0V0 + 1.5*ΔPΔV = P0V0
• следовательно, Qн = 7 P0V0
• и тогда КПД равен n = 1/7 ≈ 0.142 или 14.2%
Nowadays people have started to realize that good health is very important, much more important than wealth. To be in good health people must follow a healthy life style, to do things that will help keep a healthy body and mind, to feel fit.There are several ways to do it. The state of your body depends on how much time you spend doing sports. At least everybody must do morning exercises every day. The healthiest kinds of sports are swimming, running and cycling. Healthy food is also a very important factor. The daily menu should include meat, fruit and vegetables, milk product, which are rich in vitamins, fat, proteins and etc. On the other hand modern diets are very popular especially among women. Diets may be harmful, if they are used in the wrong way. To be healthy, people should get rid of their bad habits. It’s necessary to stop smoking and drinking much. Everyone should remember that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain. In addition it is recommended to watch TV less, avoid anxiety and observe daily routine. )
1)Good health is very significant.
2)All diets are useful and healthy.
3)It is recommended to do yoga to be in good health.
4)Alcohol and cigarettes influence only on body.
5)It is important to get rid of bad habits in order to keep a healthy body and mind.
Объяснение:
