Рассмотрим для примера вот такую задачу.
В первом доме – 12 эт., на 3 эт. больше, чем во втором доме
Сколько этажей во втором доме?
Почему в задаче надо найти меньшее число, хотя есть слово «больше»? Потому, что необычно сформулировано условие. Оно сформулировано в косвенной форме.
Про такие задачи говорят: задачи на уменьшение или увеличение числа на несколько единиц сформулированные в косвенной форме. Думаю, что так более или менее стало понятно. Такие же задачи можно придумать на все математические действия.
Long,Long ago,in the days when magic was still in some use, and old Wicked Witch put a King's son under a spell. She shut him in a great iron Chest. Then, with the help of her magic she hid the Prince,Chest,and all, in the middle of a lonely forest. No one knew what had become of the Prince,The Prince's father sent men far and wide but they coudn't find him.Year after year the Chest stood there in great wild forest. It so happened that a King's daughter lost her way in that forest.She had been walking for nine days and suddenly she saw some strange Chest standing in front of her.She also heard the Chest speaking. The Chest wanted to know where the girl had come from and where she was going .She answered she had lost her way.The voice from the Chest said it would help the if she promised to come back and married him. She agreed
