1change active sentences into passive and passive into active: 1 james climbed the ladder. 2 the football was kicked by luke. 3 a stone smashed the window. 4 the car had been driven into a wall by a naughty child. 5 the windows had been washed.

1The ladder was climbed by James.
2Luke kicked the football.
3The window was smashed by a stone.
4A naughty child had driven the car into a wall.
5Somebody had washed the windows.

1 The ladder was climbed by James.
2 Luke kicked the football.
3 The window was smashed with a stone.
4 A naughty child had driven the car into a wall.
5 They had washed the windows.