2) прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами ас и вопросами 1-8.
используйте каждую цифру только один раз. в есть два лишних вопроса.
1. is there any risk-free alternative to tattoo?
2. what equipment is used?
3. what are the motives for getting a tattoo?
4. what is tattoo ink made from?
5. is getting a tattoo dangerous? b
6. what are the most popular tattoo designs? a
7. how old is the tattooing tradition?
8. can tattoos be removed?
a. tattoos are surprisingly popular in different parts of the globe. the oldest tattooed person, the
so-called iceman, is a frozen mummy found in the alps in 1991. the frozen man, aged more than
5000 years, has 57 tattoos! the scientists think that they were created with some sharp instruments
like thorns, and ash from fireplace was used instead of ink. there's also a theory that iceman's
tattoos were made for medical reasons rather than for any other, reason.
b. medical tattoos mark the places where acupuncture needles need to be used, however, that
reason for getting a tattoo is rare. tattooing for religious and spiritual reasons happens much more
often. soldiers and sailors get tattoos in memory of their battles and journeys. some people tattoo
the names of those they love, and some get tattoos for no reason at all, just because they think it's
cool.
c. there are lots of tattooing techniques. some tribes in africa make cuts on the body and rub ash
into them. tattooists may also work with sharpened sticks or animal bones — the procedure is
painful and not at all hygienic. in modern studios electric machines are usually used. they have one
or more needles that quickly go in and out of the skin. the machine has ink containers and the ink
gets into the skin via the needles. for safety reasons the needles should only be used once.
d. in the past, tattoo ink was made from tree bark, ash and coal dust. later, pen ink was often used.
today, the inks produced by factories are usually made of metal salts and metal oxides. heavy
metals are used for colouring too: cadmium gives red and orange shades, aluminum - green and violet, cobalt-blue, titanium-write.
