Read the ruler and the examples. then make sentences. составить предложения. we use this/ these for things near us. we use this in the singular and these in the plural. we use that/ those for things far away from us. we use that in the singular and those in the plural.

We use this/ these for things near us.
We use this in the singular and these in the plural. 
Examples:  (Примеры):
1 This is a ball. - Это мяч.
2 These are balls. - Это мячи.
We use that/ those for things far away from us.
We use that in the singular and those in the plural.
Examples:
3 That is a ball - То мяч.
4 Those are balls. - То мячи.
Ещё примеры:  
This is a pen. - Это ручка.  These are pens. - Это ручки.
That is a book. - То книга.    Those are books. - Те (есть) книги.