75 years ago, on September 29, 1941, the Nazis began mass executions of the Jewish population of Kyiv in the Babyn Yar tract. This tragedy has become a global symbol of the Holocaust.
The Nazis also killed Jews in Babyn Yar. However, Kyiv became the first city in Europe to destroy the entire Jewish community.
Ten days earlier, on September 19, 1941, troops of the 6th German Army under the command of Field Marshal General Reichenau had entered Kyiv. They moved in the direction of Khreshchatyk in two columns - Kyrylivska and Velyka Vasylkivska streets.
Clouds immediately thickened over the Jews: the occupiers brutally clung to them in the streets, killing some. It was about the mass extermination of the Jewish people. It also never occurred to anyone that Kyiv would be the first to try this "solution".
The explosions on Khreshchatyk on September 24, organized by the Soviet sabotage group of V. Kartashov, were attributed by the Nazis to the Jews. This was the formal reason for the mass shootings - but not the real reason. Later, Deputy Chief of the Kyiv Security Police V. Ebeling explained the investigation: So, there would be no unfortunate explosions, clinging to something else.
On September 26, the occupying authorities held a meeting to consider measures for a "final solution." The place of extermination of the Jews was determined - Babyn Yar. Its territory will be enough for tens of thousands of corpses, as it is 2.5 kilometers long and up to 50 meters deep. So, it is possible to pretend that Jews will be gathered to be transported to safe places.
At that meeting, a firing squad was appointed, the area surrounded by the police was outlined, and the number of Kyivites was determined to sort things, money, and jewelry confiscated from the victims before they died.
An announcement with an order to all Jews to gather on the morning of September 29 "at Melnyk-Dokterivsky Street" was made in three languages - Ukrainian, Russian and German. They did not explain why. But whoever does not come is death.
The Ukrainian text was written by a man who was not very familiar with Kyiv toponymy. After all, there was no Dokterivska Street in the city (Degtyarivska was meant). The name of the second street is also incorrect. Sometimes it was really written "Melnyk", but the official name - Melnikov. Printed more than 2 thousand leaflets, which were pasted on September 28 throughout the city. At the same time, rumors spread that Jews would be "evacuated" - probably to Palestine. On Monday, September 29, tens of thousands of people began to gather near the appointed place. An endless stream of people consisted of women, children, teenagers, the elderly, the disabled in wheelchairs, and the infirm who could not move themselves - they were carried on stretchers. Instead, men of military age were at the front.
Once in an area surrounded by barbed wire and police, people lost the opportunity to turn back - the trap closed. And even when, moving forward, they heard the barking of dogs and shots, there was no escape. The "Road of Death" began at the corner of modern Melnikova and Dorogozhytska streets.
On September 29, the Nazis shot about 22,000 Jews. Others, who were not destroyed, were pushed into the garages of the tank repair facility on Lagernaya Street for the night. The next day they were killed in Babyn Yar.
The belongings of the victims were taken to a warehouse located at the school on Nekrasovskaya Street, 4. The Nazis handed them over to the Volksdeutsche. Such is the second-hand blood… Many Jews did not go to Babyn Yar, hiding from acquaintances. In early October, the occupiers staged a mass tour of the apartments. The identified Jews were taken to the same garages, then transported by truck to Babyn Yar and killed.
As of October 12, according to executioners, the number of victims exceeded 51,000. The conveyor belt of death continued. On October 14, machine-gun fire again engulfed Babyn Yar, killing 308 Jews from among patients at the Psychoneurological Hospital. Pavlov. The extermination of Jews was the beginning of other massacres. Later, people of different ethnic backgrounds and ages were killed in Babyn Yar for two years. In total, more than 100,000 people died in that horrible place.
But there were people who risked their own lives, as well as the lives of their families, to hide Jews. These are Ukrainians, Poles, Belarusians, Tatars, Russians, Armenians, Greeks and Germans. More than half a thousand people received the honorary title of "Righteous of Babyn Yar"
Объяснение:
Бабин Яр? Якщо я правильно зрозуміла про яку трагедію ;)
