The peculiarities of the climate of Russia are determined by a number of geographical factors, including geographical location, size and length from west to east and north to south, and a wide variety of terrain
The climate throughout Russia is characterized by a distinct division of the year into cold and warm seasons and large temperature differences. In the direction of north and east, the annual temperature range increases and winter temperatures decrease. Most of the country's territories lie in the temperate zone, the islands of the Arctic Ocean and the northern mainland regions are in the Arctic and Subarctic zones, the Black Sea coast of Russia is located in the Subtropical zone. Within each belt, there is a significant climate change, directed from west to east (climatic regions) and from north to south (zonal climate types). In the eastern direction, the winter temperature decreases to approximately the 140th meridian, the cloud cover, precipitation, cyclones and the duration of the frost-free period decrease, and the duration of winter increases. Thus, there are four subtypes of climate in the temperate climate zone: temperate continental (in the European territory of Russia), continental (Western Siberia), sharply continental (Eastern Siberia, most of the Far East) and monsoon (south-east of the Far East).
1. You had studied English before you entered the University.
You hadn't studied English before you entered the University.
Had you studied English before you entered the University?
2. They had arrived at the station by 6 o’clock.
They hadn't arrived at the station by 6 o’clock.
Had they arrived at the station by 6 o’clock?
3. James had finished reading the book by last Sunday.
James hadn't finished reading the book by last Sunday.
Had James finished reading the book by last Sunday?
4. I had done my lessons by the time you called me up.
I hadn't done my lessons by the time you called me up.
Had I done my lessons by the time you called me up?
5. The teacher had given the students their homework before the bell rang.
The teacher hadn't given the students their homework before the bell rang.
Had the teacher given the students their homework before the bell rang?
