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4 специальных вопроса
Today, efficient logistics and transportation system are important prerequisites of the
development of any economy. In modern competitive environment, it is not enough to offer a
product that meet customers’ requirements. The way of its delivery is also very important. The art
and science of delivering goods with speed and precision can help businesses operate more
efficiently, lower costs and gain new customers.
Logistics has evolved throughout centuries to become an integral part of every business.
Logistics has been performed since the beginning of civilization. Raw materials and finished
products had always to be moved, though on a small scale. Gradually, people began moving from
rural to urban areas; the geographical distance between the point of production and the point of
consumption increased considerably.
There was a time when companies used to develop a product range, plan their distribution
channels, schedule marketing campaigns and deliver the finished product to their retailers
themselves. However, since the early 1990’s logistics operations have become much more
complex. The global logistics market has grown radically over the years.
The major benefits of efficient logistics operations can be summarized as follows:
Cost savings by centralizing inventory management.
Faster order fulfilment by relying on a global transportation network.
Improved cash flow.
Flexibility to change distribution patterns for new products based on ever-changing
customer demands. The main customer groups (market segments) served by the logistics industry
are the following:
Parcel and documents express delivery services.
Freight by air, ocean, road or rail. Warehousing and distribution.
Supply chain solutions. Logistics is one of the spheres, which still have potential as far
as improving performance is concerned. There are large unused capacities in logistics processes
in terms of costs reduction and quality of service.