Your turn Say it!
| Comple
with th
6 Think of a famous hero. Write your
answers to the questions.
What's his/her name?
2 Where is he/she from?
3 Where does he/she live?
4 What does he/she do?
5 Why is he/she a hero?
1 lusu
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2 We
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3 lo

ЛЮБОПЫТСТВО КАК СТИМУЛ К РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯМ с другими животными мы рождаемся с инстинктом любопытства. Это служит стимулом для молодежи открыть для себя тот мир, в котором они живут. Любопытство ученого обычно направлены на понимание вещи или отношения, которые, как он замечает, не имеют удовлетворительного объяснения. Объяснения обычно заключаются в подключении новых наблюдений или идеи принимаются факты. Объяснение может быть обобщением, которое связывает пачки данных в упорядоченное целое, которое может быть связано с нынешними знаниями и убеждениями. Студента привлекают к исследованиям обычно те, кто сохраняет больше любопытства, чем обычно. Мы видели, что стимул к производству идей является осознание нынешнего неудовлетворительного состояния знаний. Любопытство это стимул, для одного, как правило, начинает осознавать проблемы, задавая вопрос: почему или как какой-то процесс работает, или что-то принимает форму того, что он делает. Вопрос, что является стимулом свидетельствует тот факт, что когда кто-то задает вопрос, он требует усилий, чтобы сдержать себя от ответа. Спрашивая "почему" - это полезный стимул к пониманию, какова причина или цель. "Как" тоже полезный вопрос в провоцировании дум о механизме процесса. Нет удовлетворяющих ученого любопытства, ибо с каждого открытия мы достигаем более высокого уровня, из которых более широкое поле зрения открыто для нас, и из которых мы можем видеть события, которые ранее вне диапазона. 1. Могут принятые факты или идеи быть всегда верны? -No, scientists can make mistakes.(Нет, учёные тоже могут ошибаться) 2. Если факты и идеи принимаются как данность, это не замедлит научный прогресс? -Yes, because facts can also be errors, and scientific progress would halt because of incorrect information.(Да, так как факты тоже могут быть ошибками, и научный прогресс остановится из-за неверных сведений.) 3. Как слово "объяснение" определено в тексте? -The explanation may be a generalization that associates a bundle of data into an ordered whole which can be related to current knowledge and beliefs.(Объяснение может быть обобщением, которое связывает пачки данных в упорядоченное целое, которое может быть связано с нынешними знаниями и убеждениями.) 4. Что вызывает любопытство ученого? -Lack of knowledge about things arouses curiosity.(Недостаток знаний о вещах вызывает любопытство) 5. Может любопытство ученого быть когда-нибудь утихнуть? -No, because every day we find new gaps in the knowledge of things.(Нет, так как каждый день мы находим новые пробелы в знании вещей.) 6. Как вы можете описать процесс познания? -Оbservation, perception, experiment, comprehension, analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction, modeling, extrapolation, explanation.(Наблюдение, восприятие, эксперимент, осмысление, анализ, синтез, обобщение, абстрагирование, моделирование, экстраполяция, объяснение.)

Lizabeth I was queen of England from 1558 until she died in 1603. Her reign was called the Elizabethan Age, a very exciting and glorious period in English history, in which England became an important world power.

She was born near London in 1533. Her father was Henry VIII and her mother Anne Boleyn, the second of the king's six wives. When Elizabeth was 3 years old her mother was beheaded because she was accused of having a relationship with someone else. Elizabeth had an elder half sister Mary, and a younger half brother Edward.

King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church because the pope would not let him divorce his first wife. Henry then founded the Church of England and made his country protestant.

Although Henry cared very little about Elizabeth during her childhood she received a good education and was taught well in history and philosophy. She learned many languages, including French, Italian and Latin.

When Henry died in 1547 his only son, Edward, became king but the boy king died six years later. Mary became queen and made England a Catholic country again. She didn't like Elizabeth and thought that she was plotting against her. She sent her half sister to prison in the Tower of London for two months. When she was released, she had to live in the countryside.

Mary died in 1558 and Elizabeth succeeded her. She became very popular and many people thought that she would bring back peace and stability in a time of conflict. Elizabeth was a cautious and clever queen; she knew a lot about economics and had good advisors. She returned England to Protestantism but she was not a radical religious reformer.

Although there were many young men who wanted to marry her, Elizabeth stayed alone and had no children. This was a threat to the English monarchy because without children her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, would inherit the throne. She was a Catholic and a friend of France. Elizabeth was aware of this danger and had Mary sent to prison for many years. She was executed in 1587.

Elizabeth gave her country a lot of self confidence. During her reign it built up its sea power and ships sailed across the seas to trade in the New World. At that time Spain controlled much of the trade in the New World. Elizabeth sent Sir Francis Drake and other sea captains to raid Spanish ships and seize gold and other treasures that the Spanish had captured.

This was too much for Philip II of Spain so he decided to attack England. After years of preparation he put together a strong fleet of ships called the Spanish Armada. In 1588 the Armada sailed into the English Channel. In the battle that lasted for nine days the British defeated the Spaniards because their ships were smaller and faster. Only a few of them managed to get back to Spain. Elizabeth had celebrated the greatest victory of her reign.

The Elizabethan Age was also an age of art and culture. Many musicians, scholars and writers came to her palace. William Shakespeare was the greatest writer of the period and wrote some of the world's finest plays and poems. (Elizabethan Theatre)

The last years of Elizabeth's reign were troubled by scandals and revolts. Parliament started to criticize the queen and health problems made her weaker. She died on March 24, 1603 at the age of 69. At her wish, Mary Stuart's son, James VI of Scotland became king of England and the two countries were united.