Прочитайте текст и составьте план к нему. Historically, children were educated through life experiences; people
learned from other humans. The basic notion of schools that all children would
attend – a time and place to intentionally structure teaching and learning – came
into existence in XVI and XVII centuries. Public schools are a product of the
Age of Enlightenment, one of the institutions to cultivate reason and the
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capacity of people to improve their lives and build a better social order as a
result of individual agency and collective efforts. Beginning in the 1850s in
Europe and America, the concept of public education for all began to take hold,
with the view that communities and governments should establish, fund, and
support schools. This led to the development of "public education systems".
After World War II, as a result of the inclusion of education as one of the
Universal Human Rights in the Universal Declaration, much of the world saw
governments around the world commit to education and literacy as a key part of
economic and social transformation.
In XXI century the United States still has the best higher education in the
world, though the rest of the world is catching up. While the U.S. previously
produced 75% of all advanced degrees, particularly in science, it is now less
than 25%. U.S. higher education hasn’t stumbled so much as other countries see
the importance of higher education and are investing heavily. Nowadays
countries see education as the key to economic development. In particular,
Singapore, Mexico, Finland, and China made clear that their countries see
education as a key driver of national success. Education is seen as crucial to
modernizing society and competing economically. As a result, education is on
the agenda and a top priority in many countries.
Most countries are thinking about 21st century skills. The development of
21st century skills is a stated priority in the majority of countries. They think of
these skills very similarly as the U.S. – focused on critical thinking,
collaboration, creativity, and communication. Such skills are about thinking and
problem solving, not rote memorization. All countries see the same need in
order to develop competitive future workforces.
Countries are implementing education reforms. To develop 21st century
skills and to strengthen their workforce, education reforms are widespread, with
the support of government leaders and policies. These reforms include broader
access to education, changes in curriculum, use of tools and technologies, and
rethinking how teachers are selected, trained, and assessed. For instance, 30
years ago, education in China was simple and basic. Teachers taught via
lectures, used strict frameworks and one set of text books. China has learned
from other countries and now believes that education is a key to the country’s
modernization, culture, workforce, businesses, national defense, and the
advancement of science and technology. National policies now prioritize
education, call for transformation, and encourage experiments. Educators in
China use multiple text books and multimedia, multiple instruction methods,
including technology, and have completely overhauled the curriculum with new
learning goals, processes, and methods