Task 3. Translate into English in Conditional forms. Denote (RC-real condition, UC-unreal condition) 1.Я куплю хлеб, если магазин все еще будет открыт.

2.На твоем месте я бы последовал совету родителей. (follow)

3.Если ты звонишь по телефону после 8 вечера, это дешевле.

4.Если мы приедем рано, будет не трудно купить билеты на концерт.

5.Если бы у меня было 5 тысяч евро, я бы отправился на Гаити (Haiti).

6.Тебе следует заняться чем-то новым, если тебе скучно.

7.Этот пирог был бы вкуснее, если бы ты добавил больше сахара.

8.Если бы у меня было больше друзей, я был бы счастливее.

9.Растение засыхает, если ты не поливаешь его.

10. Если я сплю мало ночью, я засыпаю на уроках. (feel sleepy)

-  Is your school large and light?
-  Yes, it is. How many floors are there in your school?
-  There are three floors in it.
-  What are there оn the ground floor?
-  There is a gym, a library, a canteen and a few classrooms on the ground floor.
-  What are there on the first floor in your school?
-  There are many classrooms and a teachers’ room on the first and on the second floors.
-  Are your classrooms large and light?
-  Our classrooms are very large and light.
-  What are there in your classrooms?
-  There are twelve desks, a teacher’s table, a blackboard and many flowers in our classrooms.
-  What are your favourite subjects?
-  My favourite school subjects are English, History and Literature. What about you?
-  I’m fond of sport and music. So two years ago I joined our school clubs: Basketball club and Musical club.
-  Tell me about your school life.
-  My school life is wonderful. There are lots of concerts, performances and sport competitions in our school. My classmates and I often take part in different school events.
-  Have you got many friends in your class?
-  I have got a lot of friends in my class.  What about your teachers?
-  Our teachers are kind and intelligent and my classmates are smart and friendly.
-  Well, thanks for the convesation.
-  You are wellcome.

При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временные формы глаголов сдвигаются на шаг в кроме следующих случаев:

1. Слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени: He will say that he has been there before.

2. Действие в Past Perfect (Continuous) или Future-in-the-Past: He said that he felt happy after he had done it.

3. Обстоятельства времени не изменились: He said that he bought it yesterday.

4. Выражение всегда верно: The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

5. Выражение верно длительный период времени: He said that he loves you.

6. Сообщение повторяется сразу: He said that the food is delicious.

7. Условные предложения 2 типа: He said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do it.

8. Желаемые события: She said she wished she were younger.

9. Глаголы  should, ought to: She was said that he ought to quit smoking.

10. Must, если это совет, предположение или приказ: He guessed that they must be at home.

 

Временные формы  могут не изменяться в случае:

1. Когда непосредственно указано время действия: They said that they began/had begun studying English in 2010.

2. Когда косвенно указано время действия: She said that she met/had met him when they were neighbours.

3. Когда излагающий согласен с мнением цитируемого: He said that India is a rich country.

(при несогласии: He said that India was a rich country).

 

При сдвиге временной формы глагола в в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:

this – that, these – those, here – there, now  - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow  - (on) the next (following) day, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he  - that man, we - they.

Если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know:

He said: “Come here”. – He told them to come up to him.

He said: “Where are you going?” – He wanted to know/wondered where they we going.

Кроме слова said используются глаголы, выражающие характер прямой речи:

 

 

Для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether.

Вопросительные предложения передаются с прямым порядком слов: He asked me if/whether they were at home.

В вопросительном предложении с глаголом-связкой порядок слов может быть обратным: He asked me what was the price.