Judging by the archaeological finds found on the territory of East Kazakhstan, people began to take their first steps on the Great Steppe already in the Early Paleolithic era. By the middle of the first millennium AD, the Turkic nomadic tribes that inhabited these lands began to unite in unions, from which the ancient Asian state of the Turkic Khaganate, aka Turkestan, grew.
Kazakh Steppe
Kazakh Steppe
In the VII-VIII centuries, the Kazakh steppe attracted the Chinese and Arabs, who for a long time could not divide the spheres of influence among themselves. As a result, the fate of the former Turkic Khaganate was decided by the battle on the Talas River, after which this part of Asia fell to the Muslims, who brought their religion and writing here. At the beginning of the XIII century, the Mongols invaded Kazakhstan. Local residents did not resist the invaders for long, and very soon the Great Steppe was divided among the sons of Genghis Khan, which became a prerequisite for the formation of a new state – the Kazakh Khanate.
The time period from the XVII to the XVIII century is the period of the wars of the Kazakh Khanate with the Dzungarian. The result of a series of bloody land conflicts was the request of the Tauke Khan addressed to Peter I for protection and protection. The autocrat cunningly evaded the question, considering that at this stage it was unprofitable to help the steppe people, as a result, the Russian protectorate over the southern part of the Kazakh steppe was established only in 1731, under the Empress Anna Ioannovna. At the same time, the final entry of Kazakhstan into the Russian Empire occurred only in the second half of the XIX century, after a number of military campaigns.
After the October Revolution, unrest began again in Kazakhstan, due to the desire of some regions to regain the previously lost status of autonomy. However, all the rebellions and attempts to them were suppressed by the Red Army, and in 1920 a new administrative unit was born – the Kyrgyz ASSR, five years later renamed the Cossack, and then – the Kazakh ASSR. Like all Soviet republics, Kazakhstan gained full independence only after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1991, although several years before this event, anti-government riots had already been attempted in Alma-Ata.
According to 2019, Kazakhstan has a population of 18 395 660 people, about 67% of whom were ethnic Kazakhs. Kazakh is the official state language in the country, but Russian is almost universally understood and well spoken. The need to buy or download a phrase book in large cities is virtually eliminated: road signs and signs are duplicated here on the great mighty. However, it will not be superfluous to learn a few common expressions in Kazakh to make a good impression on the locals, especially if you are going to travel to the province.
The population treats tourists kindly and neutrally and responds adequately to requests for help. The main thing is to show maximum political correctness and not to criticize local foundations and policies. Most Kazakhs are ardent patriots at heart and are unlikely to share your beliefs. Extreme caution should also be exercised in the southern part of the Republic. Here, the locals are extremely religious and very reverent about the traditions.
the animals that live there
Snow Leopard
Tien Shan brown bear
Kazakhstan mountain sheep
Saiga
Musk deer
Eurasian Wolf
Caracal
Caspian seal
Birds
Reptiles
Sturgeon
Mammals of Kazakhstan under the threat of extinction
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