1) They (have) finalised the contract last week.
- The correct verb form is "have finalised". We use the present perfect tense ("have/has + past participle") to talk about actions that started in the past and are still relevant in the present. In this sentence, the action of finalising the contract happened in the past (last week), but it is still relevant to the present. Therefore, we use the present perfect tense.
2) Nobody (answered) the phone when it rang.
- The correct verb form is "answered". In this sentence, we are talking about a single completed action in the past. The action of answering the phone happened once when it rang. Therefore, we use the simple past tense ("answered").
3) By 5 pm yesterday, I (had got) a letter from Dave.
- The correct verb form is "had got". In this sentence, we are talking about a completed action in the past that happened before another past event. The action of getting the letter happened before 5 pm yesterday. Therefore, we use the past perfect tense ("had + past participle") to show the completion of the action before that specific past time.
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