составить 5 типов вопросов по одному с каждого текста: 1) The best Russian bees were European (or German) dark bees, native to Russian forests and naturally able to stay inside a hive without moving for 5-6 months – the length of winter in Russia. The vast Russian forests held innumerable bees that produced tons of honey and wax.
2) The demand for Siberian fur was huge in Europe and Asia, especially in China. In 1660, during the peak of the fur trade, Moscow earned 660,000 rubles for sable and other expensive furs – equal to half the country’s budget at the time. Not only sables and silver foxes were hunted and traded, but also squirrels, martens, and, later in the 18th and 19th centuries – sea otters, hunted in the Pacific ocean and on the Alaskan shores.
3) The share of grain exports in the total volume of exported goods increased from 30% in the early 1860s to 47% at the end of the 19th century. In 1914, the Russian Empire harvested 92.5 million tons of grain, 10.6m of which was exported, making Russian the world leader in grain exports.
4) Hemp (industrial cannabis, used for the production of sails and naval rigging) was one of the main Russian export commodities during the 18th and 19th centuries. Its production boomed in Russia in the early 18th century, when Peter the Great stimulated the development of the Russian fleet. The fleet needed sails and rigging, so on December 13th, 1715, Peter issued an order “On the expansion of flax and hemp crops” that demanded flax and hemp crops be grown “in all governorates,” and peasants be taught to grow and harvest them.
5) Demand increased and production too. After the abolition of serfdom in Russia, and the introduction of mechanical flax mills, more peasants turned to linen production. In 1861, Russia exported 66,200 tons of linen, in 1900 – 190,000 tons, and in 1913 – 352,000 tons of linen. At the time, about 80% of world linen production was based in Russia.