Present perfect (simple and continuous) present perfect simple: have / has + past participle
1 I’ve been to Australia. Have you ever broken
your leg?
2 We’ve just phoned the doctor.
I’ve already finished my lunch.
3 It’s the best book I’ve ever read.
It’s the first time we’ve done this.
4 My sister’s had a baby! Look, I’ve cut my finger.
5 I’ve known her since I was a child.
She’s had the job for six months.
6 How many of his books have you read?
She’s been out twice this week.
Use auxiliary verbs (do, have, etc.) or modal verbs (can, must, etc.):
1 in short answers, instead of answering just Yes / No.
2 to avoid repeating the main verb / verb phrase, e.g. I like dogs but my husband
doesn’t (like dogs).

Эс ис кастомэри ту сэлэбрейт зе нью еа ин итали, традишнс: хау ту сэлэбрэйт нью еа ин итали.
анлайк кристмас, нью еа ис южуали сэлэбрэйтид вив фрэндс энд нот ин зе фэмили керкл. дуринг зе нью еа холидэйс ол эраунд ис дикорэйтид вив галандс, рэд риббонс, кристмас врэзс. он зе эариас оф убан мэтрополисис а хьюдж кристмасс три. андэ зе трис плэнтид флоувербэдс. он нью еас дикорэйтинг энд зе формидейбл венешн лаянс -- хэд-вэа э хэт анд эттэкид вайт бед оф коттон вул. зе стритс спэркл вив колорид лайтс, вив саузандс оф лайт булбс галанд зет энкеркл зе трис энд зе фэкэдис оф зе хаусис

I. 1) entered, had prepared; 2) remembered, hadn't locked; 3) arrived, has gone; 4) has read, saw; 5) came, had left; 6) said, had discussed; 7) has begun, came; 8) has taken part; 9) read, had left; 10)hoped, have won; II. I hadn't a done all my homework by 10 o'clock. Who had done all the homework by 10 o'clock? What had I done by 10 o'clock? When had I done all my homework? 2) He hadn't left Moscow by the end of May. Who had left Moscow by the end of May? What had he left by the end of May? When had he left Moscow? 3) Our students hadn't read many books by the end of the year. Who had read many books by the end of the year? How many books had our students read by the end of the year? What had our students read by the end of the year? When had our students read many books by the end of the year?