yliana23
06.07.2021 01:05

Модель коммуникации при переводе Современная теория перевода рассматривает процесс перевода как часть процесса коммуникации, соответственно необходимо рассмотреть: • особенности процесса коммуникации; • особенности порождения и восприятия текста автором и реципиентом; • особенности текстов. Основными объектами исследования в теории перевода являются: • автор; • текст; • реципиент. LANGUAGE TESTING AND TECHNOLOGY: PAST AND FUTURE Technology is increasingly being promulgated as a powerful mechanism that can transform education. It is not surprising then, that the second language (L2) testing field adopted «language testing and technology» as the theme for its 2001 annual conference, the Language Testing Research Colloquium (LTRC). Technology is not a novel topic for language testers. The 1985 LTRC was also organized around ТЕКСТКАКОБЪЕКТПЕРЕВОДА 49 this theme. Given the recurring theme and the growing use of technology, it is appropriate to reflect on what has transpired in the L2 testing field related to this topic and to situate the developments within the larger language testing, general measurement, and educational contexts. Установите, как направлены связи между отдельными предложениями текста. Проанализируйте заключительные фрагменты того же текста и подчеркните в них элементы, поддерживающие его вертикальную структуру. Spolsky (1997) argues that the main purpose of today’s L2 standardized tests reflect the «gate keeping» needs that emerged because of the increased educational demands and limited instructional resources experienced at the beginning of the 20th century. Technological advances, however, are fast transforming L2 learning opportunities. The proliferation of distance learning programs will likely result in a decreased need for selection testing and an increased need for assessments that grant credentialing or certification. Similarly, computerdelivered tests that assess and diagnose a person’s language and skill development will be in greater demand. In conclusion, computer technology has enhanced the efficiency of many of our L2 testing practices and introduced notable innovations such as CAT. But most L2 CBT and CAT instruments available on the market fall short in providing any radical transformation of assessment practices. Advances in technology should encourage test developers to move beyond the thinking that has long dominated paperandpencil testing and inspire the use of «disruptive» БеляеваЛ. Н. ТЕОРИЯИПРАКТИКАПЕРЕВОДА 50 applications, by which assessments are conceptualized and implemented in innovatively different ways. Установите, как направлены связи между отдельными предложениями текста. Выделите, запишите и переведите те лексические еди ницы, которые поддерживают связность этого текста.

Напоминание: anaphoraanaphor Анафора – фигура речи, основанная на повторении слов, синтаксических конструкций, звуков и отдельных смыслов. Анафор – отношение между языковыми выражениями (словами или словосочетаниями), состоящее в том, что в смысл одного выражения входит отсылка к другому (пред шествующий контекст – антецедент, второй член отношения – анафор). Например: Model of communication derives from information theory… It provides us with a starting point for the explanation of the process of communication… Bloomfield knew Latin and Russian. During the WWII he wrote a Russian grammar to be used by USA armed forces. Напоминание: cataphora Катафора – , , : In a paper read November 15, 1963 I offered the following assessment: We have come face to face with the realization that we will only have adequate mechanical translations when the machine can «understand» what it is translating and this will be a very difficult task indeed. ТЕКСТ КАК ОБЪЕКТ ПЕРЕВОДА 53 Подберите в научных текстах по профилю вашей под готовки примеры анафорических и катафорических связей и запишите их для обсуждения в аудитории.

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vvkim87
02.06.2021 04:23

The word addiction usually makes us think of someone unable to stop using dangerous stuff like alcohol. But people who have a strong relationship with computer games or even food can also show similar psychological, emotional, and social problems. Nowadays, a growing number of teenagers develop a cigarette habit. It is a very dangerous tendency. Studies show that the earlier you start smoking, the more likely you are to become a lifelong addict.

Specialists also stress that a person is at risk of becoming an alcoholic later in life if he starts drinking as a teen. An American professor explained that if you are a young teen and start drinking, the risk is pretty high that you will go on to have a problem. But the number of under 18's taken to hospital with drink-related problems went up lately.

When people asked what the way out was, specialists recommended to take up a sport and gave an explanation that the more teens were involved in sport, the less time they had to be involved in antisocial behavior.

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Ответ:
dmitryveris
09.10.2020 02:32

Conversation 1  

Susan: Hi. I'd like to come to the beginners' music class.  

Do l have to (1) be able to play an instrument?  

Teacher: No, you don't have to (2) play an instrument. You can (3) choose your instrument here, and we'll help you to learn.  

Susan: Can (4) I come to a lesson first to see if I like it?  

Teacher: Well, I'm afraid you can't (5) come to the lessons unless you sign up for the whole course.  

Susan: OK can (6) I bring children?  

Teacher: Yes, you can (7). Children love it.  

Susan: Do I have to (8) bring my own instrument?  

Teacher: No, we have instruments here you can (9) use.  

Conversation 2  

Student: I'm a student. How much do I have to (1) pay?  

Secretary: It's a reduced rate, so you only have to (2) pay £130.  

Student: Do I have to (3) register first?  

Secretary: No, you don't have (4) to register. You can (5) come along to the first class. If you like the class, you can (6) complete the form at the end of the lesson.  

Student: Can (7) I pay by cheque?  

Secretary: Yes, you can (8) pay by card or cheque on the night.

Объяснение:

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