1)
1. Design and construction of roads, bridges, buildings - civil engineering
2. Science of very low temperatures - cryogenics
3. Science of communication and control in machines and brain - cybernetics
4. Study of work environments and conditions - ergonomics
5. Scientific study of the chemical nature and natural forces influencing stars - astrophysics
6. Study of the influence of a country’s position on its politics - geopolitics
7. Scientific study of space travel - astronautics
8. Scientific study of human races and their characteristics - ethnology
2)
1. machine
2. appliances
3. machinery
4. device
5. gadgets
6. motor