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Sugar is extracted from the sugar cane and the sugar beet. Cane sugar is manufactured
from the sugar cane. In the manufacturing of sugar cane, the first step is crushing of the cane to
express the juice. The juice is then clarified usually by heating with lime. The clarified juice is
then concentrated in vacuum evaporators to brownish syrup containing about 35 per cent
moisture of syrup and crystals.
The crystals are separated from the liquor or molasses by centrifugal machines. The
molasses may be evaporated a second and a third time and the crystals are removed. The raw
sugar must be washed, treated with lime, filtered, recrystallized, washed and dried to give the
familiar refined sugar.
Recovery of crystalline sugar from the sugar beet is not a simple procedure. In its life
processes, sugar beet forms many organic substances other than sucrose and takes up organic
nutrient elements from the soil. These nonsucrose substances are also brought into solution of
sucrose during processing and must be removed. Some are removed by liming and filtering, but
those that remain inhibit crystallization of sucrose.
This is how beet sugar is produced. The beets are washed and sliced. The juice which is
high in sucrose is leached by hot water. It is then subjected to clarification, filtration, and
evaporation, resulting in formation of clear crystals.
