ОТДАМ ВСЁ ЧТО ЕСТЬ Oil pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes with inner diameter typically from 10 to 120 cm (about 4 to 48 inches). Most pipelines are buried at a typical depth of about 1 - 2 meters. The oil is kept in motion by pump stations along the pipeline, and usually flows at speed of about 1 to 6 m/s.
Crude oil contains varying amounts of wax, or paraffin, and in colder climates wax buildup may occur within a pipeline. Often these pipelines are inspected and cleaned using pipeline inspection gauges "pigs", also known as, "scrapers" or "Go-devils". These devices are launched from pig-launcher stations and travel through the pipeline to be received at any other station down-stream, cleaning wax deposits and material that may have accumulated inside the line.
For natural gas, pipelines are constructed of carbon steel and varying in size, depending on the type of pipeline. The gas is pressurized by compressor stations.
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1. What tubes are oil pipelines made from?
2. What depth are most pipelines buried at?
3. What keeps the oil in motion along the pipeline?
4. Why are the oil pipelines regularly inspected?
5. How are pipelines cleaned from wax deposits?