last summer i went to the black sea with my parents. we stayed there for a fortnight. i went swimming every day. the weather was wonderful all the time, the water was warm and clean. we bathed and watched small fishes and jelly fish in the water. sometimes we saw sea stars or sea shells there. once we even saw a dolphin. we often sat on the beach and watched ships sailing in the distance or looked at numerous seagulls gliding over the sea. we ate ice-cream and fruit on the beach and lay in the sun. i had a nice tan by the end of our rest. i made a lot of friends and we played volleyball on the beach. every morning we had nice breakfast and a small run along the coast.
my days were full of different events and on coming back home in the evening i was exhausted but slept with a smile on my face.
in a word, i had a wonderful time, and unforgettable experiences. next year i will certainly go to the seaside again.
прошлым летом я ездил на черное море с моими родителями. мы были там две недели. я ходил каждый день плавать. погода была замечательная все время, вода была теплой и голубой. мы купались и смотрели рыбок и медуз в воде. иногда мы видели морских звезд или морских ракушек. однажды мы даже видели дельфина. мы часто сидели на пляже и смотрели, как корабли плывут в отдалении и смотрели на многочисленных чаек, скользящих над морем. мы ели мороженое и фрукты на пляже и загорали. у меня был красивый загар к концу нашего отдыха. я нашёл там много друзей и мы играли в волейбол на пляже. каждое утро мы завтракали и совершали маленький пробег вдоль побережья. мои дни были полны разных событий и возвращаясь вечером домой, я был усталым, но спал с улыбкой на лице. одним словом, у меня было там прекрасное время и я получил незабываемые впечатления. в следующем году я обязательно поеду снова к морю.
Charles Robert Darwin FRS FRGS FLS FZS[2] (/ˈdɑːrwɪn/;[5] 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist,[6] best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.[I] His proposition that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors is now widely accepted, and considered a foundational concept in science.[7] In a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding.[8] Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history,[9] and he was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey.[10]
Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species.[11][12] By the 1870s, the scientific community and a majority of the educated public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations which gave only a minor role to natural selection, and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution.[13][14] Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.[15][16]
Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science.[17] His five-year voyage on HMS Beagle established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's conception of gradual geological change, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.[18]
Puzzled by the geographical distribution of wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin began detailed investigations, and in 1838 conceived his theory of natural selection.[19] Although he discussed his ideas with several naturalists, he needed time for extensive research and his geological work had priority.[20] He was writing up his theory in 1858 when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay that described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication of both of their theories.[21] Darwin's work established evolutionary descent with modification as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature.[13] In 1871 he examined human evolution and sexual selection in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, followed by The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). His research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book, The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Actions of Worms (1881), he examined earthworms and their effect on soil.[22][23]
