Задать 4 типа вопросов: разделительный, общий, альтернативный, специальный. к предложению: britain has for centuries encouraged research and innivation and its record of achievements has been maintained throughout the twentieth century.

Разделительный - Britain has encouraged research and innovation, hasn't  it? 

Общий - What has Britain encouaraged for centuries? 

Альтернативный - Has Britain encouraged research or art? 

Специальный - Where have researh and innovation been encouraged for centuries?