Indian art includes painting, sculpture and architecture of India. Indian art dates back to the Indus Valley civilization around 3000 BC.
Buddhist art includes sculptures and frescoes created during the Gandhara and Gupta kingdoms. The first known images of the Buddha were created in a monumental soft and round style, which was exported along with the Buddhist religion to China, Korea and Japan.
Hindu art was influenced by Buddhist art. But, unlike Buddhist art, Hindu art depicts a human figure curved and filled with potential movement. Ancient Indian beliefs regarded the body as an aesthetic form second only to the deities. Hindu art reflects the life rhythms of the main themes of this religion. Hindu artwork is usually a copper statue of Krsna, Vishnu, Shiva and other symbols of initiation. Hindu art creates brilliant sculptural schemes in rock-hewn caves in Mamallapuram, known for its ensemble of religious art (Buddhist, Hindu and Japanese) dating back to the 6th and 7th centuries.
Mughal art dates back to the Muslim invasion of northwestern India in the Middle Ages. The invaders destroyed Buddhist and Hindu temple art and introduced their own styles, particularly Islamic art. The Qur'an forbids the depiction of people and animals in art, so Islamic art was aimed at calligraphy and ornament. Ceramic tiles adorned mosques and palaces.
Court artists succeeded in miniature painting.
The Shiraz school is characterized by bright colors, a love of magnificent landscapes, the frequent inclusion of freely drawn motifs of birds and flowers in the fields, as well as faces and figures with rounded contours, thin lines, narrow eyes and quite characteristic profile views. A new vertical perspective system is evident, in which figures are displayed on top of each other, and objects such as ponds and carpets are displayed flat on the page.
With the arrival of Prince Hume, the symbolic decorative basis of Persian painting became quite apparent here. Flowers bathe in the glow of daylight while the stars shine in the sky, combining realism with symbolism. The artist is not limited by the practicality of naturalism, but his approach remains quite clear.
The art of pottery advanced considerably in the ninth century with the development of the technique of painting by sight. Painting is an impressive means of decorating pottery, possibly imitation precious metal, which was first developed in Iraq and then spread to Egypt, Syria, Iran and Spain. The production of sequined ceramics was complex, expensive, and laborious, indicating that such items were considered luxuries. This method combines oxides of silver and copper with sulfur and other materials, which are applied in liquefied form to the surface of the previously glazed and fired object. The cookware is then re-fired in a muffled air oven, or a reduction oven, so that oxygen is drawn from the metal oxides, creating a dazzling metal surface. The color of the chandelier can vary from deep gold to dark reddish brown.
From the Bronze Age to the Cultural Revolution, Chinese art demonstrated a stylistic unity unparalleled in any other culture. From about the first century AD, Buddhism inspired many sculptures and paintings in China. Chinese art of the Bronze Age is characterized by the presence of rich burial utensils with bronze and jade carvings, decorated with hieroglyphs and simple stylized forms of animals. Life-size terracotta figurines from the Qin period guard Emperor Shi Huang's tomb in the old capital, Xi'an.
When Buddhism established itself in China, it inspired monumental art with huge rounded stone carvings and bronze images.
The art of the Tang Dynasty features naturalistic portraits, such as carved figures of Buddhist monks.
The Golden Age of Chinese painting was the Song Dynasty (960 - 1278). The imperial court created its own workshop, contributing to the development of fine art of calligraphy, mainly devoted to natural subjects - landscapes, mountains, trees, flowers, birds. Genre scenes of court beauties were also popular. Scrolls, albums and fans made of silk or paper were painted in watercolor and ink with soft brushes. Painting was associated with literature, and artists added poems or quotations to their work. The Song Dynasty also produced the first real porcelain of classical simplicity.
Painters of the Ming dynasty (1368 - 1644) continued the landscape tradition. Song's porcelain style gave way to the complex work of rich colors.
Painters of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) developed their own styles of writing. In the 20th century, the strong spirit that supported traditional art began to fade.
ответ: Essay on My hobby
According to the Cambridge Dictionary, a hobby is an activity that someone does for pleasure when they are not working. Moreover, a hobby is the person’s interest and preference that reflects his inner world. Through hobbies people realize the need for development and creativity.
There are many interesting things that can be people’s hobbies. Some people discover their talent in playing musical instruments, singing or painting. People fascinated by sports find it in football, tennis or ice-skating etc. There are also some options for calm people e.g. collecting things or making models.
As for me I have always been a very energetic person and have always had plenty of hobbies. I was interested in sports, especially volleyball and tennis. I collected stickers, toys and coins, had painting and language lessons, took part in a choir. Nevertheless, my deepest passion was always dancing. When I first came to the training I was so charmed by my coach and got so inspired that I started spending two hours three times a week there. I think it was the perfect hobby for my body and my soul. I have learned how to express myself through the body movements.
At the current moment, I suppose that my hobby is English. It’s not only the process of learning the language for me. I like listening to English songs, watching videos and movies in original, visiting speaking clubs and communicating with native speakers. I admire the culture of English speaking countries and I’m interested in everything that is connected with it. I have lessons three times a week and I love my group and the teacher. She makes the process of studying so exciting.
Thus, I believe that the keyword in a hobby definition is "pleasure". My hobby brings me a lot of pleasure and satisfaction. I feel my progress and it’s the best motivation to go ahead
