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The hardware means of security are various electronic, mechanical and electronic means and other system devices, which are embedded in the serial blocks of electronic systems of data processing and data transferring to provide internal security of computer facilities: terminals, devices of data input and output, processors, transmission links, etc.
The main functions of hardware means of security are:
■ the inhibition of the unauthorized remote access to the distant user;
■ the inhibition of the unauthorized remote access to the databases as a result of the casual or intentional activity of staff;
■ the protection of the software integrity. These functions are carried out in the way of:■ identification of the subjects (users, maintenance staff) and the objects (resources) of a system;■ authentication of the subject in accordance with the given identifier;
■ inspection of authorities, which implies checking the permit for certain kinds of work;
■ registration (logging) with reference to the forbidden resources
■ registration of the attempts of unauthorized access.
The implementation of these functions is carried out with the help of applying various engineering devices of special purpose. In particular, they include:
■ the emitters supplying uninterrupted power of hardware, and also the device of equalization, which prevents the spasmodic voltage, drop and voltage crests in the transmission network;
■ the devices of hardware screening, transmission links and accommodations where the computer machinery is located;
■ the devices of identification and commit of terminals and users when fulfilling the unauthorized access to a computer web;
■ the protection means of computer ports, etc.
The protection means of ports have some protective functions, in particular:
1) "a comparison of the code". The computer of port security verifies the code of the authorized users with the code required "a disguise". Some means of ports protection disguise the existence of ports on the line of a telephone link in the way of synthesizing a human voice, which answers the calls of the viewer;
2) "a counter-bell". In the memory of a means of ports protection not only access codes but also identification telephone numbers are kept;
3) input of the automatic "electronic record" of access to the computer system with fixing the main user's operations.
Software security means are necessary to accomplish logical and intellectual functions of security which embedded in the software tools of the system.
There are some aims of the safety, which are realized with the help of software security means:
■ check of the loading and login with the help of a password system;
■ delimitation and check of access rights to the system resources, terminals, exterior lives, constant and temporary data sets, etc.;
■ file protection from viruses;
■ automatic control of users' operations in the way of logging their activity.
The hardware and software security means are the means, which are based on the synthesis of program and hardware means. These means are widely used in authentication of users of the automated banking systems. Authentication is the inspection of the user's identifier before its access to the system resource.
The hardware and software safety means are also used at overlaying electronic and digital signatures of the accountable users. The use of smart cards containing passwords and users' codes are widespread in the automated banking systems.