Выполнить general undestanding по тексту

Текст : Drawing consists of pulling metal through a die. One type is wire drawing. The diameter reduction that can be achieved in one die is limited, but several dies in series can be used to get the desired reduction.
Sheet metal forming
Sheet metal forming (штамповка листового металла) is widely used when parts of certain shape and size are needed. It includes forging, bending and shearing. One characteristic of sheet metal forming is that the thickness of the sheet changes little in processing. The metal is stretched just beyond its yield point (2 to 4 percent strain) in order to retain the new shape. Bending can be done by pressing between two dies. Shearing is a cutting operation similar to that used for cloth.
Each of these processes may be used alone, but often all three are used on one part. For example, to make the roof of an automobile from a flat sheet, the edges are gripped and the piece pulled in tension over a lower die. Next an upper die is pressed over the top, finishing the forming operation (штамповку), and finally the edges are sheared off to give the final dimensions.
Forging
Forging is the shaping of a piece of metal by pushing with open or closed dies. It is usually done hot in order to reduce the required force and increase the metal's plasticity.
Open-die forging is usually done by hammering a part between two flat faces. It is used to make parts that are too big to be formed in a closed die or in cases where only a few parts are to be made. The earliest forging machines lifted a large hammer that was then dropped on the workpiece, but now air or steam hammers are used, since they allow greater control over the force and the rate of forming. The part is shaped by moving or turning it between blows.
Closed-die forging is the shaping of hot metal within the walls of two dies that come together to enclose the workpiece on all sides. The process starts with a rod or bar cut to the length needed to fill the die. Since large, complex shapes and large strains are involved, several dies may be used to go from the initial bar to the final shape. With closed dies, parts can be made to close tolerances so that little finish machining is required.
Two closed-die forging operations are given special names. They are upsetting and coining. Coining takes its name from the final stage of forming metal coins, where the desired imprint is formed on a metal disk that is pressed in a closed die. Coining involves small strains and is done cold. Upsetting involves a flow of the metal back upon itself. An example of this process is the pushing of a short length of a rod through a hole, clamping the rod, and then hitting the exposed length with a die to form the head of a nail or bolt.

General understanding:
1. How can the reduction of diameter in wire drawing be achieved?
2. What is sheet metal forming and where it can be used?
3. What is close-die forging?
4. What is forging?
5. What are the types of forging?
6. What types of hammers are used now?
7. Where are coining and upsetting used?
8. What process is used in wire production?
9. Describe the process of making the roof of a car.

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1. Российская Федерация - Россия (по конституции) The Russian Federation - Russia is the official name of our homeland
2. There are 21 republics in Russian Federation (Adygea, Altai, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, DAgestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Karelia, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia, Sakha (Yakutia), North Ossetia-Alania, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Tuva (Tyva), Khakassia, Chechnya, Chuvashia)
3. Boris Yeltsin was the first Russian President
4. constitution is the highest law of Russia
5. Dmitry Medvedev is the Russian President at the moment. The Prime Minister is Vladimir Putin
6. Russia stopped being a monarchy and became a republic in 1917
7. Moscow is the capital of Russia. It's the biggest city of Russia.
8. St-Petersburg, Vladivostok, Novosibirsk
9. Yes, it is
10.The Altai Mountains are a mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together. The Caucasus are situated in the south-west of Russia.
11. The Lena is situated in the northeastern Siberia. The Ob is situated in western Siberia. There are many rivers in Russia. Their nemes are the Volga, the Kama, the Terek, etc
12. The country is washed by the Pacific and Artic oceans and by the Baltic, the Black and the Azov seas
13. Lake Baikal is the world's deepest, purest, most ancient and most capacious freshwater lake. Lake Baikal alone contains over one fifth of the world's fresh surface water
14. There were many impotant events in russian history: Mongol invasion, the rise of Moscow, reforms of Peter the Great, etc.
15. Yuri Dolgoruky is famous for foundation of Moscow. Alexander Nevsky and Dmitry Donskoi are famous rulers. Yuri Gagarin is the first cosmonaut in the world
16. The official symbols of Russia are Double-headed eagle, coat of arms of Russia, FLag of Russia. Other symbols of Russia are beryoza, bear, balalaika, vodka
17. Russian flag is a tricolour of three equal horizontal fields, white on the top, blue in the middle and red on the bottom. The flag was first used as an ensign for merchant and war ships and only became official in 1896.
The three colours purportedly came from the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which depict Saint George wearing white (silver) armor, riding a white horse, wearing a blue cape and holding a blue shield, on a red field. According to another version, these three colours were associated with the robes of the Virgin Mary, the holy protectress of Russia.
Yet another interpretation of the three colours is that the order that they are placed in reflected the Russian social system under the monarchy: white represents God, blue the Tsar and red the peasants. Another very common interpretation is the association of colours with the main parts of the Russian Empire: white thus represents Belarus ("White Russia"), blue Ukraine (or Malorossia, "Little Russia"), and red "Great Russia".
A different interpretation associates white with the bright future (where the colour itself is associated with brightness, while its placement at the top - with future); blue with clouded present, and red with bloody past.

III. Make the comparatives and superlatives.(yroop TH Mira wa uvumi erynen)

4 I am the most

beautiful person on this party

You are the

the most intelligent boy which I know

6 This book is more interesting than book about the Little Prince.

2. My dad is taller than my mommy.

3. This cat is

softer than this dog

IV. Complete the sentences using the correct verb form (wanaua petenis,

правильно обравши форму відповідного дієслова)

1. My name is Ira.

2. January is

the first month of the year.

3. Yesterday my family had

a tea party

4. I have already done my homework

5. She is going to wear a costume of princess to the fancy dress party.

6. You must come to school on time.