Australia’s bushflre disaster

A FUND was set up in Britain yesterday to help families hit by the bushiires in south¬eastern Australia.
So far, more than 70 people have died and 2,000 homes have been destroyed. Several towns as well as large areas of forest and farmland have been burnt, and hundreds of thousands of sheep and cattle have been killed by the firestorm, which raced along 500 miles of coast from Adelaide to Mel¬bourne.
Bushfires - 90 per cent of which are now caused by humans — have always been common in Australia. If they occur in un¬inhabited areas, they are often allowed to burn themselves out. Where human life or property is threatened, they can usually be put out before too much damage has been caused. “Almost every time we can cope, but this was the one time we couldn't,” a fire officer said in Melbourne yesterday. “We have fought many fires before, but none like this. It wras frightening, the speed of the fire. There was nothing we could do to stop it. We didn't know where it was going. All we could do was try to get peo¬ple well out of the way.”
Helped by temperatures around 43 degrees and strong winds after a twelvemonth pe¬riod of dry weather, the fires spread at lightning speed. Some of them may have been started deliberately. In South Austra¬lia yesterday a 19-year-old unemployed worker was charged with deliberately lighting fires in the Adelaide Hills, where nine people died and 100 homes were de¬stroyed on Wednesday. For his own safety, the accused man was locked up until his trial.
Last night, thanks to cooler and less windy weather, the fires were largely under con¬trol. but higher temperatures have been forecast for this weekend. South Australian fire-service spokesman David Williams warned: “There arc large areas of land that haven't been burnt. They are extremely dry. and carelessness or a deliberate act could start it all again.”

Задания:

1. Дайте ответы.
a) Where was the bushfire disaster? b) How many people and animals were killed in the fires, and how many homes were destroyed? c) Why was it almost impossible to stop the fires? (What helped the fires?) d) Who or what were the fires caused by? e) What helped the fire fighters to get the fires under control eventually? f) What kind of weather has been forecast for the weekend? g) Why do you think fires in uninhabited areas are sometimes allowed to burn themselves out? h) Why do you think a fund to help people hit by the Austra¬lian bushfires was set up in Britain - not, for example, in Germany?

3. Преобразуйте активную форму в пассивную.

They have set up a fund. - A fund has been set up.

a) Someone has turned off the electric heater. b) The bushfires have hit thousands of people. c) The firestorm has destroyed 2.000 home. d) You must book hotel accommodation, e) We will arrange some excursions. f) Someone has to unload the truck. g) The staff locked the robber in. h) A spokesman praised the staff for stopping the train. i) A gunman seized £8.500 from a camera shop yesterday.
5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующей форме: to + Infinitive, -ing-форма или Past Participle.

a) In uninhabited areas, bushfires are often allowed (burn) themselves out. b) He was charged with (shoot) an assistant in a Baker Street camera shop. c) Most of the equipment (destroy) by the fire was rather old. d) Part of the money comes from a fund (set up) in Britain (help) people (hit) by the bushfires.

Judging by the archaeological finds found on the territory of East Kazakhstan, people began to take their first steps on the Great Steppe already in the Early Paleolithic era. By the middle of the first millennium AD, the Turkic nomadic tribes that inhabited these lands began to unite in unions, from which the ancient Asian state of the Turkic Khaganate, aka Turkestan, grew.

Kazakh Steppe

Kazakh Steppe

In the VII-VIII centuries, the Kazakh steppe attracted the Chinese and Arabs, who for a long time could not divide the spheres of influence among themselves. As a result, the fate of the former Turkic Khaganate was decided by the battle on the Talas River, after which this part of Asia fell to the Muslims, who brought their religion and writing here. At the beginning of the XIII century, the Mongols invaded Kazakhstan. Local residents did not resist the invaders for long, and very soon the Great Steppe was divided among the sons of Genghis Khan, which became a prerequisite for the formation of a new state – the Kazakh Khanate.

The time period from the XVII to the XVIII century is the period of the wars of the Kazakh Khanate with the Dzungarian. The result of a series of bloody land conflicts was the request of the Tauke Khan addressed to Peter I for protection and protection. The autocrat cunningly evaded the question, considering that at this stage it was unprofitable to help the steppe people, as a result, the Russian protectorate over the southern part of the Kazakh steppe was established only in 1731, under the Empress Anna Ioannovna. At the same time, the final entry of Kazakhstan into the Russian Empire occurred only in the second half of the XIX century, after a number of military campaigns.

After the October Revolution, unrest began again in Kazakhstan, due to the desire of some regions to regain the previously lost status of autonomy. However, all the rebellions and attempts to them were suppressed by the Red Army, and in 1920 a new administrative unit was born – the Kyrgyz ASSR, five years later renamed the Cossack, and then – the Kazakh ASSR. Like all Soviet republics, Kazakhstan gained full independence only after the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1991, although several years before this event, anti-government riots had already been attempted in Alma-Ata.

According to 2019, Kazakhstan has a population of 18 395 660 people, about 67% of whom were ethnic Kazakhs. Kazakh is the official state language in the country, but Russian is almost universally understood and well spoken. The need to buy or download a phrase book in large cities is virtually eliminated: road signs and signs are duplicated here on the great mighty. However, it will not be superfluous to learn a few common expressions in Kazakh to make a good impression on the locals, especially if you are going to travel to the province.

The population treats tourists kindly and neutrally and responds adequately to requests for help. The main thing is to show maximum political correctness and not to criticize local foundations and policies. Most Kazakhs are ardent patriots at heart and are unlikely to share your beliefs. Extreme caution should also be exercised in the southern part of the Republic. Here, the locals are extremely religious and very reverent about the traditions.

the animals that live there

Snow Leopard

Tien Shan brown bear

Kazakhstan mountain sheep

Saiga

Musk deer

Eurasian Wolf

Caracal

Caspian seal

Birds

Reptiles

Sturgeon

Mammals of Kazakhstan under the threat of extinction

Объяснение:

Мне страшно представить, что безмятежному счастью общения человека с природой угрожает опасность. Еще страшнее от мысли, что человек сам часто становится угрозой природе. Ведь большой урон начинается с малого.

Природа - это краса нашей Земли. Она дает нам пищу, кислород, а леса - древесину. Природу нужно беречь, а мы наоборот уничтожаем ее.

Во-первых, люди за год срубают более двух миллионов деревьев, а, чтобы выросло одно дерево, нужно ждать от двадцати до пятидесяти лет.

Во-вторых, нередко мы разводим костры. Из-за этого часто случаются пожары. Погибают миллионы растений.

В-третьих, во время пожара животным приходится уходить. Потом люди вкладывают миллионы денег в фонды по защите лесов и восстановлению флоры и фауны.

В-четвертых, за последние десятилетия в ходе освоения месторождений нефти и газа безвозвратно истреблялись леса, животные.

Мы - хозяева нашей природы, а она - кладовая солнца со всеми ее сокровищами. И мы обязаны ее сохранить. Ведь, разрушая одно звено, мы разрушаем целую цепочку. Так давайте же не будем разводить костры в лесах, не будем убивать животных, ломать ветки деревьев и загрязнять реки и озера!