Partial renewal or renewal of components comprises the intermediate renewal1 of
major or minor components - switches, crossings, worn rails, insulating rail-joints, etc.
- Day-to-day maintenance includes maintenance of desirable standards of all com-
ponents of railway track and alignment which can be done mechanically or manually.
(3) Day-to-day maintenance includes tamping, lining, patrolling and other tasks.
Complete renewal as well as earthworks and reballasting require both temporary speed re-
strictions (TSRs) and ’abnormal’ possession of the fine. Earthworks, reballasting and day-
to-day maintenance may require ‘abnormal’ possessions only, while partial renewal of
components requires, at the worst, a ‘normal’ possession.
(4) A ‘normal’ possession is one which requires no alteration to regular services. An
‘abnormal’ possession does require alterations, and sometimes it may take up to 50 hours
to carry out this work. Generally, a weekend ‘abnormal’ possession lasts some 15-20
hours.
Note: 1) intermediate renewal – средний ремонт.
Ex. 7. Search the text for the English equivalents of the following Russian
phrases:
Насколько я понимаю, нужно не только перевести, но и задать правильно вопросы..
Вы хотите что-нибудь узнать о местах, где живут люди? если так, то дополните предложения: 1 you don't have a flat in Kiev,do you? (у вас нет кв. в Киеве, не так ли?) 2. there is a dining room and sitting room downstairs, isn't there? ( внизу есть столовая и гостинная, не так ли?) 3. you have no fireplace in your flat, do you? ( у вас нет камина в вашей квартире, не так ли?) 4. you can put the sofa near the window, can't you? ( вы можете поставить диван рядом с окном, не так ли?) 5. you will buy two armchairs, won't you? ( вы купите два кресла, не так ли? -это в буд.времени) 6. you are not going upstairs, are you? (вы не идете наверх, не так ли? или вы не собираетесь наверх?)
