Существительные
NOUNS
Собственные = a proper noun is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing, e.g. Steven, Africa, London, Monday. In written English, proper nouns begin with capital letters.
Абстрактные = an abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions - things that cannot be seen or touched and things which have no physical reality, e.g. truth, danger, happiness, time, friendship, humour.
Нарицательные = a common noun is a noun that refers to people or things in general, e.g. boy, country, bridge, city, birth, day, happiness.
Исчисляемые = countable nouns (or count nouns) are those that refer to something that can be counted. They have both singular and plural forms (e.g. cat/cats; woman/women; country/countries). In the singular, they can be preceded by a or an. Most nouns come into this category.
Неисчисляемые = a smaller number of nouns do not typically refer to things that can be counted and so they do not regularly have a plural form: these are known as uncountable nouns (or mass nouns). Examples include: rain, flour, earth, wine, or wood. Uncountable nouns can't be preceded by a or an. Many abstract nouns are typically uncountable, e.g. happiness, truth, darkness, humour.
Собирательные = collective nouns refer to groups of people or things, e.g. audience, family, government, team, jury. In American English, most collective nouns are treated as singular, with a singular verb:
The whole family was at the table.
In British English, the preceding sentence would be correct, but it would also be correct to treat the collective noun as a plural, with a plural verb:
The whole family were at the table.
Субстантивированные = substantive adjective: an adjective used alone in the absence of the noun that it modifies :
An example would be old and new in out with the old, in with the new.
Объяснение:
III. Преобразуйте следующие вопросы в косвенные.
1. Is there a post office near here?
Could you tell me B14
a post office near here?
2. How much is the postcard?
Do you know how much B15 this postcard is?
3. Are there any weight limits for small packets?
Could you tell me B16 if/whether there are any weight limits for small packets?
4. Do I have to pay extra for the stamp?
Do you know B17 if/whether I have to pay extra for the stamp?
5. Did you receive any letters for my name?
Could you tell me B18 if/whether you received any letters for my name?
