на русском :
Рассказ «Аристократка» написан Михаилом Зощенко в 1923 году. Это было послереволюционное время в России. Только кончилась гражданская война, в России царила разруха и голод. Бывшие аристократы, интеллигенты, просто культурные и образованные люди стали немногочисленными и незаметными на фоне всплывшей на поверхность новой социальной прослойки – обывателей. Это люди невоспитанные, необразованные, примитивные, с убогой моралью. Обыватель характерен тем, что живет мелкими личными интересами, но не осознает своей пошлости, хамства и глупости, а наоборот, «как кавалер и у власти» и «лицо официальное» выставляет их напоказ.
В рассказе писатель очень тонко отмечает и обобщает признаки этого времени. Чем же отличались люди этого времени? Что в них было характерно?
Возьмем, например, речь главного героя. Никогда раньше приличный человек не выразился бы так, как выражается Григорий Иванович: «…не люблю баб, которые в шляпках», «…и не баба вовсе, а гладкое место», «стоит этакая фря», «как у вас, гражданка, в смысле порчи водопровода и уборной», «волочусь, что щука», «развернула свою идеологию», «ты, гражданка», ну и знаменитое «Ложи,— говорю,— взад!».
Речь «аристократки» так же убога: «Аж голова закрутилась», «мы привыкшие», «Довольно свинство с вашей стороны. Которые без денег — не ездют с дамами».
Или еще приметы времени: золотой зуб у «дамы», фильдекосовые чулочки, давно умершее слово «комячейка» (кто не знает – это коммунистическая ячейка). А чего стоит дамы «скушать» за один раз четыре пирожных! Это также очень тонко выраженная автором примета времени – скудного и голодного, когда пирожные недоступны и чрезвычайно дороги. Еще и удивительно, что у Григория Ивановича на них хватило денег. Да и не так уж он плох, по крайней мере, не жадный, сам предложил пирожными угоститься.
Вот такой у меня вышел портрет героев новой социальной эпохи: всякий аристократизм им чужд и враждебен.
На англиском :
The story "Aristocrat" was written by Mikhail Zoshchenko in 1923. It was a post-revolutionary time in Russia. The civil war was just over, devastation and famine reigned in Russia. Former aristocrats, intellectuals, simply cultural and educated people have become few and inconspicuous against the background of a new social stratum that has surfaced on the surface - the townsfolk. These are rude people, uneducated, primitive, with poor morality. The layman is characterized by the fact that he lives with petty personal interests, but does not realize his vulgarity, rudeness and stupidity, but rather, “as a gentleman and in power” and “official person” flaunts them.
In the story, the writer very subtly notes and summarizes the signs of this time. What was the difference between the people of this time? What was characteristic of them?
Take, for example, the speech of the protagonist. A decent person would never have expressed himself in the same way as Grigory Ivanovich puts it: “... I don’t like women who are in hats”, “... and not a woman at all, but a smooth place”, “there is such a fry”, “like you, citizen, in the sense of damage to the water supply system and the restroom ”,“ I am dragging myself like a pike ”,“ I have deployed my ideology ”,“ you, citizen ”, and the famous“ Lodges - I say - back! ”
The speech of the “aristocrat” is also miserable: “Already the head has twisted”, “we are used to it,” “Pretty disgusting of you. Which without money - do not go with the ladies. "
Or even the signs of the times: a “lady's” golden tooth, philedecos stockings, the long-dead word “lump” (who does not know, this is a communist cell). And what is the lady’s ability to “eat” four cakes at a time! It is also a very finely expressed by the author of the sign of time - lean and hungry, when the cakes are inaccessible and extremely expensive. It is also surprising that Grigory Ivanovich had enough money for them. Yes, and not so bad, at least not greedy, he himself offered to treat cakes.
This is my portrait of the heroes of the new social era: all aristocracy is alien and hostile to them.
Still literally a few years ago the cell phone was very fashionable, but the extremely unusual occurrence. Today everyone has it practically, especially at inhabitants of the large cities. The wide choice of new tariff plans provokes people to speak by phone in increasing frequency. But is it safe? And that after all this such mobile phone: advantage or harm? About it speech also will go below.
The mobile phone can bring both benefit and harm
Day by day the dose of the electromagnetic radiation received by the person in days, grows. As soon as mobile phones appeared, appeared also disputes: whether their frequent use is harmful to our health or not. Opinions in this respect a little. Representatives of the cellular companies go on about advantage or at least safety of the mobile. They assure that the mobile phone can't bring any harm. Supporters of similar opinion refer to that wasn't carried out any serious researches in this respect. But they are mistaken.
Researches about influence of electromagnetic fields on a live organism are conducted some decades during which the advantage or harm of radiation is investigated. The World Health Organization founded even the special program B "An electromagnetic field and health человекаВ" to which around the world the close attention today is paid.
What suffers from radiation?
It was proved that the systems of the person most sensitive to radiation: immune, endocrine, nervous and sexual, and all organism suffers from the radiation of the cell phone in general. And the harmful effect has property to collect over time therefore pathology of the central nervous system, a brain tumor, a blood cancer (leukosis), hormonal violations develops. Electromagnetic fields especially can be dangerous to children, pregnant women (impact on an embryo), people with hormonal violations, with cardiovascular diseases, allergic persons and people, whose immunity is weakened.
Long ago influence of the cellular person on a brain is proved.
