Buffer solutions, depending on their composition, are divided into 2 main types:
acidic and basic.
Acid buffering systems are usually formed by a weak inorganic or
organic acid and a salt of the same acid with a strong base.
For example:
1) CH3COOH + CH3COONa - acetate buffer
weak acid salt acid
2) H2CO3 (H2O + CO2) + NaHCO3 - hydrocarbonate or
weak acid salt acid bicarbonate buffer.
Basic buffer systems are formed by weak inorganic or
organic base and a salt of this base with a strong acid. For example:
1) NH3 · H2O (NH4OH) + NH4Cl - ammonia buffer
weak base salt
2) C2H5 – NH2 + C2H5NH3Cl - ethylamine buffer
weak base salt
Basic buffer systems are formed by weak inorganic or
organic base and a salt of this base with a strong acid. For example:
1) NH3 · H2O (NH4OH) + NH4Cl - ammonia buffer
weak base salt
2) C2H5 – NH2 + C2H5NH3Cl - ethylamine buffer
weak base salt.
