Lesson 8 banks and business
banks are different in different countries. let’s speak about the banks in the united states of america. there, commercial banks are classified into two main groups. first, there are national banks. they are charted are supervised by the federal government. secondly, there are state banks. they are charted and supervised by the state in which they are operated. all commercial banks can make loans to borrowers.

major commercial banks in such cities as tokyo, paris, rio cooperate with each other. in this way they finance imports and exports between countries.

an importer buys merchandise from another country using the currency of that country. for that purpose he buys this currency from the foreign exchange department of his bank. and in the same way if an exporter receives foreign money from sales to other countries, he sells this currency to his bank. by this method the currency of any country can usually be exchanged.

commercial bank коммерческий банк

national bank национальный банк

to charter учреждать, создавать

to supervise заведовать, контролировать

state bank государственный банк

merchandise товары

currency валюта, деньги

foreign exchange department отдел обмена валюты

to exchange currency обменивать валюту

comprehension questions.

1. what do all commercial banks do?

2. what kinds of commercial banks in the usa do you know? what are they called?

3. who supervises the operations of national banks?

4. what kind of currency does an importer generally use when he buys goods from another country?

5. what do you know about the “international exchange”?

6. what is the currency of this country called?

7. what is the exchange rate between your currency and the currency of the usa and germany? how can you find it out if you don’t know it?

vocabulary practice

choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.

1. federal government … and … all national banks. | 1. merchandise 2. currency

2. international cooperation between banks makes it possible … imports and exports. | 3. commercial

3. it is possible to convert american dollars to swiss francs in … department. | 4. foreign exchange

4. the … of germany is the mark. | 5. to finance

5. all … banks make loans to borrowers. | 6. to supervise

6. if the importer buys … from another country he will pay for it in the currency of this country. | 7. to charter

, , , , , ,.

1. The price of bread is going up…in many shops.

2. The meat is bad. It's probably gone…off .

3. The prices of Halloween decorations have gone …up..since last year.

4. Nick is sad. He is going… through a very difficult time.

5. The fox went…after .the hare.

6. How long can camels go…without water?

7. Ann gloves go with…her bag.

8. Mark has gone through…..a lot since his car accident.

9. The police officer went after…the robber yesterday.

10. Dick went… down with… the flu so he stayed at home.

11. This tie goes….. with…. your shirt very well.

12. People can go…through without .water for about three days.

13. The rhino went….after our car in jungle.

Unfortunately children are so …… IMPATIENT

Don’t play cards with him. He is ……. DISHONEST

I …..eggs. I can’t stand the way they smell. DISLIKE

Our mother was disappointed to learn we were …..at school yesterday. MISBEHAVING

He stared at us in….. as we told him what happened. UNBELIEF

We didn’t noticed his……. DISAPPEARENCE

There are a lot of …..of travelling by ship. DISADVANTAGE

There is always……between children and parents, because of the generation gap. MISUNDERSTANDING

Bob can’t find his keys. Perhaps he has….them. MISPLACED

Teens in America are often rude and…..their teachers. DISRESPECT

любой вид деятельности - any kind of activity

свободное время - free time

удовольствие - pleasure

почти любого возраста - of almost any age

общие категории - general categories

могут частично совпадать - may overlap

изделия ручного труда - handicrafts

живопись - painting

графическое искусство - graphic art

много возможностей - many opportunities

магнитофонные записи - tape recordings

изучение балета - ballet study

масляные краски - oil paints

акварельные краски - watercolours

самый распространенный - the most common

марки и монеты - stamps and coins

автографы - autographs

пуговицы - buttons

мастерски - masterfully

вовлекаться в - get involved in

вязание крючком - crochet

шитье - sewing

наборы - sets

керамика - ceramics

изготовление ювелирных изделий - jewelry making

соревнование - competition

физические упражнения - physical exercise

боулинг - bowling

рыбалка - fishing

скалолазание - rock climbing

становятся чрезвычайно популярными - become extremely popular

частные коллекция книг - private collections of books

основа (ядро) некоторых библиотек - the core of some libraries

мирового значения - of global significance

тематические коллекции - thematic collections

особенно ценят - especially value

издания с автографом автора - autographed copies (of books)

по определенной теме - on a specific topic

научная беллетристика - science fiction

тысячи томов - thousands of volumes

насколько возможно - as far as it's possible

различные языки - different languages

необычной формы - of unusual shape

уникальные иллюстрации - unique illustrations

на ярмарках-распродажах - at fair-sales