250. Укажите допустимые значения переменной в уравнении и найдите его корни:
а) x²-7(√x)²-8=0

Int (1 - x + 2x^2)*sin 4x dx = Int sin 4x dx - Int x*sin 4x dx + 2*Int x^2*sin 4x dx =
= -1/4*cos 4x - |u=x, dv=sin 4x dx, du=dx, v=-1/4*cos 4x| +
+ |u=x^2, dv=sin 4x dx, du=2x dx, v=-1/4*cos 4x| =
= -1/4*cos 4x + x/4*cos 4x - 1/4*Int cos 4x dx -- x^2/2*cos 4x + Int x*cos 4x dx =
= -1/4*cos 4x + x/4*cos 4x - 1/16*sin 4x - x^2/2*cos 4x + 
+ |u=x, dv=cos 4x dx, du=dx, v=1/4*sin 4x| =
= -1/4*cos 4x + x/4*cos 4x - 1/16*sin 4x - x^2/2*cos 4x + 
+ x/4*sin 4x - 1/4*Int sin 4x dx =
= -1/4*cos 4x + x/4*cos 4x - 1/16*sin 4x - x^2/2*cos 4x + 
+ x/4*sin 4x + 1/16*cos 4x + C

Метод неопределенных коэффициентов
(2x+1)/[(x-1)^2*(x^2+2x+3)] = A1/(x-1) + A2/(x-1)^2 + (A3*x+A4)/(x^2+2x+3) =
= [A1*(x-1)(x^2+2x+3) + A2*(x^2+2x+3) + (A3*x+A4)(x-1)^2] / [(x-1)^2*(x^2+2x+3)] =
= [A1(x^3+x^2+x-3)+A2(x^2+2x+3)+A3*x(x^2-2x+1)+A4(x^2-2x+1)] /
/ [(x-1)^2*(x^2+2x+3)] =
= [x^3(A1+A3)+x^2(A1+A2-2A3+A4)+x(A1+2A2+A3-2A4)+(-3A1+3A2+A4)] /
/ [(x-1)^2*(x^2+2x+3)] = (2x+1)/[(x-1)^2*(x^2+2x+3)]
Система
{ A1 + A3 = 0
{ A1 + A2 - 2A3 + A4 = 0
{ A1 + 2A2 + A3 - 2A4 = 2
{ -3A1 + 3A2 + A4 = 1

{ A3 = -A1
{ A1 + A2 + 2A1 + A4 = 0
{ 2A2 - 2A4 = 2
{ -3A1 + 3A2 + A4 = 1

{ A3 = -A1
{ A4 = A2 - 1
{ 3A1 + A2 + A2 - 1 = 0
{ -3A1 + 3A2 + A2 - 1 = 1

{ A3 = -A1
{ A4 = A2 - 1
{ 3A1 + 2A2 = 1
{ -3A1 + 4A2 = 2
Складываем 3 и 4 уравнения
6A2 = 3, A2 = 1/2, A4 = 1/2 - 1 = -1/2
3A1 + 2*1/2 = 1, A1 = 0, A3 = 0
Подставляем обратно в интеграл
Int (2x+1)/[(x-1)^2*(x^2+2x+3)] dx = 
= Int [1/2*1/(x-1)^2 - 1/2*1/(x^2+2x+3)] dx =
= 1/2*Int 1/(x-1)^2 dx - 1/2*Int 1/((x+1)^2+2) dx =
= -1/2*1/(x-1) - 1/2*1/sqrt(2)*arctg [(x+1)/sqrt(2)] + C